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A KASAN tag mismatch, possibly causing a kernel panic, can be observed
on systems with a tag-based KASAN enabled and with multiple NUMA nodes.
It was reported on arm64 and reproduced on x86. It can be explained in
the following points:
1. There can be more than one virtual memory chunk.
2. Chunk's base address has a tag.
3. The base address points at the first chunk and thus inherits
the tag of the first chunk.
4. The subsequent chunks will be accessed with the tag from the
first chunk.
5. Thus, the subsequent chunks need to have their tag set to
match that of the first chunk.
Refactor code by reusing __kasan_unpoison_vmalloc in a new helper in
preparation for the actual fix.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/eb61d93b907e262eefcaa130261a08bcb6c5ce51.1764874575.git.m.wieczorretman@pm.me
Fixes: 1d96320f8d53 ("kasan, vmalloc: add vmalloc tagging for SW_TAGS")
Signed-off-by: Maciej Wieczor-Retman <maciej.wieczor-retman@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Cc: Dmitriy Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev>
Cc: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Cc: "Uladzislau Rezki (Sony)" <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [6.1+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Patch series "kasan: vmalloc: Fixes for the percpu allocator and
vrealloc", v3.
Patches fix two issues related to KASAN and vmalloc.
The first one, a KASAN tag mismatch, possibly resulting in a kernel panic,
can be observed on systems with a tag-based KASAN enabled and with
multiple NUMA nodes. Initially it was only noticed on x86 [1] but later a
similar issue was also reported on arm64 [2].
Specifically the problem is related to how vm_structs interact with
pcpu_chunks - both when they are allocated, assigned and when pcpu_chunk
addresses are derived.
When vm_structs are allocated they are unpoisoned, each with a different
random tag, if vmalloc support is enabled along the KASAN mode. Later
when first pcpu chunk is allocated it gets its 'base_addr' field set to
the first allocated vm_struct. With that it inherits that vm_struct's
tag.
When pcpu_chunk addresses are later derived (by pcpu_chunk_addr(), for
example in pcpu_alloc_noprof()) the base_addr field is used and offsets
are added to it. If the initial conditions are satisfied then some of the
offsets will point into memory allocated with a different vm_struct. So
while the lower bits will get accurately derived the tag bits in the top
of the pointer won't match the shadow memory contents.
The solution (proposed at v2 of the x86 KASAN series [3]) is to unpoison
the vm_structs with the same tag when allocating them for the per cpu
allocator (in pcpu_get_vm_areas()).
The second one reported by syzkaller [4] is related to vrealloc and
happens because of random tag generation when unpoisoning memory without
allocating new pages. This breaks shadow memory tracking and needs to
reuse the existing tag instead of generating a new one. At the same time
an inconsistency in used flags is corrected.
This patch (of 3):
Syzkaller reported a memory out-of-bounds bug [4]. This patch fixes two
issues:
1. In vrealloc the KASAN_VMALLOC_VM_ALLOC flag is missing when
unpoisoning the extended region. This flag is required to correctly
associate the allocation with KASAN's vmalloc tracking.
Note: In contrast, vzalloc (via __vmalloc_node_range_noprof)
explicitly sets KASAN_VMALLOC_VM_ALLOC and calls
kasan_unpoison_vmalloc() with it. vrealloc must behave consistently --
especially when reusing existing vmalloc regions -- to ensure KASAN can
track allocations correctly.
2. When vrealloc reuses an existing vmalloc region (without allocating
new pages) KASAN generates a new tag, which breaks tag-based memory
access tracking.
Introduce KASAN_VMALLOC_KEEP_TAG, a new KASAN flag that allows reusing the
tag already attached to the pointer, ensuring consistent tag behavior
during reallocation.
Pass KASAN_VMALLOC_KEEP_TAG and KASAN_VMALLOC_VM_ALLOC to the
kasan_unpoison_vmalloc inside vrealloc_node_align_noprof().
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/cover.1765978969.git.m.wieczorretman@pm.me
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/38dece0a4074c43e48150d1e242f8242c73bf1a5.1764874575.git.m.wieczorretman@pm.me
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/e7e04692866d02e6d3b32bb43b998e5d17092ba4.1738686764.git.maciej.wieczor-retman@intel.com/ [1]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/aMUrW1Znp1GEj7St@MiWiFi-R3L-srv/ [2]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAPAsAGxDRv_uFeMYu9TwhBVWHCCtkSxoWY4xmFB_vowMbi8raw@mail.gmail.com/ [3]
Link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=997752115a851cb0cf36 [4]
Fixes: a0309faf1cb0 ("mm: vmalloc: support more granular vrealloc() sizing")
Signed-off-by: Jiayuan Chen <jiayuan.chen@linux.dev>
Co-developed-by: Maciej Wieczor-Retman <maciej.wieczor-retman@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Maciej Wieczor-Retman <maciej.wieczor-retman@intel.com>
Reported-by: syzbot+997752115a851cb0cf36@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/68e243a2.050a0220.1696c6.007d.GAE@google.com/T/
Reviewed-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Cc: Dmitriy Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Cc: "Uladzislau Rezki (Sony)" <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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The only caller, vb_alloc(), passes GFP_KERNEL into new_vmap_block() which
is a subset of GFP_RECLAIM_MASK. Since there's no reason to use this mask
here, remove it.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251121094405.40628-5-vishal.moola@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: "Uladzislau Rezki (Sony)" <urezki@gmail.com>
Acked-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Now that we have already checked for unsupported flags, we can use the
helper function to set the necessary gfp flags for the large order
allocation optimization.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251121094405.40628-4-vishal.moola@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: "Uladzislau Rezki (Sony)" <urezki@gmail.com>
Acked-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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vm_area_alloc_pages() attempts to use different gfp flags as a way to
optimize allocations. This has been done inline which makes things harder
to read.
Add a helper function to make the code more readable.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251121094405.40628-3-vishal.moola@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: "Uladzislau Rezki (Sony)" <urezki@gmail.com>
Acked-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Patch series "make vmalloc gfp flags usage more apparent", v4.
We should do a better job at enforcing gfp flags for vmalloc. Right now,
we have a kernel-doc for __vmalloc_node_range(), and hope callers pass in
supported flags. If a caller were to pass in an unsupported flag, we may
BUG, silently clear it, or completely ignore it.
If we are more proactive about enforcing gfp flags, we can making sure
callers know when they may be asking for unsupported behavior.
This patchset lets vmalloc control the incoming gfp flags, and cleans up
some hard to read gfp code.
This patch (of 4):
Vmalloc explicitly supports a list of flags, but we never enforce them.
vmalloc has been trying to handle unsupported flags by clearing and
setting flags wherever necessary. This is messy and makes the code harder
to understand, when we could simply check for a supported input
immediately instead.
Define a helper mask and function telling callers they have passed in
invalid flags, and clear those unsupported vmalloc flags.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251121094405.40628-1-vishal.moola@gmail.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251121094405.40628-2-vishal.moola@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: "Uladzislau Rezki (Sony)" <urezki@gmail.com>
Acked-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Sometimes, vm_area_alloc_pages() will want many pages from the buddy
allocator. Rather than making requests to the buddy allocator for at most
100 pages at a time, we can eagerly request large order pages a smaller
number of times.
We still split the large order pages down to order-0 as the rest of the
vmalloc code (and some callers) depend on it. We still defer to the bulk
allocator and fallback path in case of order-0 pages or failure.
Running 1000 iterations of allocations on a small 4GB system finds:
1000 2mb allocations:
[Baseline] [This patch]
real 46.310s real 0m34.582
user 0.001s user 0.006s
sys 46.058s sys 0m34.365s
10000 200kb allocations:
[Baseline] [This patch]
real 56.104s real 0m43.696
user 0.001s user 0.003s
sys 55.375s sys 0m42.995s
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251021194455.33351-2-vishal.moola@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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The number of NUMA nodes (nr_node_ids) is bounded, so overflow is not a
practical concern here. However, using kmalloc_array() better reflects
the intent to allocate an array of unsigned ints, and improves consistency
with other NUMA-related allocations.
No functional change intended.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251018201207.27441-1-mehdi.benhadjkhelifa@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Mehdi Ben Hadj Khelifa <mehdi.benhadjkhelifa@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Khalid Aziz <khalid@kernel.org>
Cc: David Hunter <david.hunter.linux@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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kernel-doc comment
Sphinx reports htmldocs warning on __vmalloc_node() comment:
Documentation/core-api/mm-api:52: ./mm/vmalloc.c:4036: WARNING: Inline strong start-string without end-string. [docutils]
Fix it by separating adjunctive parentheses from preceding gfp_mask
formatting markup.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251020044933.15222-1-bagasdotme@gmail.com
Fixes: 32904ba6f5ef ("vmalloc: update __vmalloc_node_noprof() documentation")
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-next/20251020134902.3a11107e@canb.auug.org.au/
Signed-off-by: Bagas Sanjaya <bagasdotme@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Stehen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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The kernel-doc for __vmalloc_node_noprof() incorrectly states that
__GFP_NOFAIL reclaim modifier is not supported. In fact it has been
supported since commit 9376130c390a ("mm/vmalloc: add support for
__GFP_NOFAIL").
To avoid duplication and future drift, point this helper's doc to
__vmalloc_node_range_noprof() for details and the full description.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251013174222.90123-1-urezki@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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In mm/vmalloc.c, the function vmap_pte_range() assumes that the mapping
size is aligned to PAGE_SIZE. If this assumption is violated, the loop
will become infinite because the termination condition (`addr != end`)
will never be met. This can lead to overwriting other VA ranges and/or
random pages physically follow the page table.
It's the caller's responsibility to ensure that the mapping size is
aligned to PAGE_SIZE. However, the memory corruption is hard to root
cause. To identify the programming error in the caller easier, check
whether the mapping size is PAGE_SIZE aligned with WARN_ON_ONCE().
[yadong.qi@linux.alibaba.com: fix uninitialized value issue]
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/r/202510110050.VG9YKMRK-lkp@intel.com/
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251010014311.1689-1-yadong.qi@linux.alibaba.com
Signed-off-by: Yadong Qi <yadong.qi@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Huang Ying <ying.huang@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Dev Jain <dev.jain@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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__vmalloc() now supports non-blocking flags such as GFP_ATOMIC and
GFP_NOWAIT. Update the documentation accordingly.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251007122035.56347-10-urezki@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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kmsan_vmap_pages_range_noflush() allocates its temp s_pages/o_pages arrays
with GFP_KERNEL, which may sleep. This is inconsistent with vmalloc() as
it will support non-blocking requests later.
Plumb gfp_mask through the kmsan_vmap_pages_range_noflush(), so it can use
it internally for its demand.
Please note, the subsequent __vmap_pages_range_noflush() still uses
GFP_KERNEL and can sleep. If a caller runs under reclaim constraints,
sleeping is forbidden, it must establish the appropriate memalloc scope
API.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251007122035.56347-8-urezki@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Make __vmalloc_area_node() respect non-blocking GFP masks such as
GFP_ATOMIC and GFP_NOWAIT.
- Add memalloc_apply_gfp_scope()/memalloc_restore_scope()
helpers to apply a proper scope.
- Apply memalloc_apply_gfp_scope()/memalloc_restore_scope()
around vmap_pages_range() for page table setup.
- Set "nofail" to false if a non-blocking mask is used, as
they are mutually exclusive.
This is particularly important for page table allocations that internally
use GFP_PGTABLE_KERNEL, which may sleep unless such scope restrictions are
applied. For example:
<snip>
__pte_alloc_kernel()
pte_alloc_one_kernel(&init_mm);
pagetable_alloc_noprof(GFP_PGTABLE_KERNEL & ~__GFP_HIGHMEM, 0);
<snip>
Note: in most cases, PTE entries are established only up to the level
required by current vmap space usage, meaning the page tables are
typically fully populated during the mapping process.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251007122035.56347-6-urezki@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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__vmalloc_area_node() may call free_vmap_area() or vfree() on error paths,
both of which can sleep. This becomes problematic if the function is
invoked from an atomic context, such as when GFP_ATOMIC or GFP_NOWAIT is
passed via gfp_mask.
To fix this, unify error paths and defer the cleanup of partly initialized
vm_struct objects to a workqueue. This ensures that freeing happens in a
process context and avoids invalid sleeps in atomic regions.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251007122035.56347-5-urezki@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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alloc_vmap_area() currently assumes that sleeping is allowed during
allocation. This is not true for callers which pass non-blocking GFP
flags, such as GFP_ATOMIC or GFP_NOWAIT.
This patch adds logic to detect whether the given gfp_mask permits
blocking. It avoids invoking might_sleep() or falling back to reclaim
path if blocking is not allowed.
This makes alloc_vmap_area() safer for use in non-sleeping contexts, where
previously it could hit unexpected sleeps, trigger warnings.
It is a preparation and adjustment step to later allow both GFP_ATOMIC and
GFP_NOWAIT allocations in this series.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251007122035.56347-4-urezki@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Currently vm_area_alloc_pages() contains two cond_resched() points.
However, the page allocator already has its own in slow path so an extra
resched is not optimal because it delays the loops.
The place where CPU time can be consumed is in the VA-space search in
alloc_vmap_area(), especially if the space is really fragmented using
synthetic stress tests, after a fast path falls back to a slow one.
Move a single cond_resched() there, after dropping free_vmap_area_lock in
a slow path. This keeps fairness where it matters while removing
redundant yields from the page-allocation path.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comment grammar]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250917185906.1595454-1-urezki@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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changes required by mm-stable material: hugetlb and damon.
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Commit 16f5dfbc851b ("gfp: include __GFP_NOWARN in GFP_NOWAIT") made
GFP_NOWAIT implicitly include __GFP_NOWARN.
Therefore, explicit __GFP_NOWARN combined with GFP_NOWAIT (e.g.,
`GFP_NOWAIT | __GFP_NOWARN`) is now redundant. Let's clean up these
redundant flags across subsystems.
No functional changes.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250812135225.274316-1-rongqianfeng@vivo.com
Signed-off-by: Qianfeng Rong <rongqianfeng@vivo.com>
Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Patch series "support large align and nid in Rust allocators", v15.
The series provides the ability for Rust allocators to set NUMA node and
large alignment.
This patch (of 4):
Reimplement vrealloc() to be able to set node and alignment should a user
need to do so. Rename the function to vrealloc_node_align() to better
match what it actually does now and introduce macros for vrealloc() and
friends for backward compatibility.
With that change we also provide the ability for the Rust part of the
kernel to set node and alignment in its allocations.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250806124034.1724515-1-vitaly.wool@konsulko.se
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250806124108.1724561-1-vitaly.wool@konsulko.se
Signed-off-by: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.se>
Reviewed-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Cc: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
Cc: Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Cc: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>
Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com>
Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <lorenzo.stoakes@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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kasan_populate_vmalloc() and its helpers ignore the caller's gfp_mask and
always allocate memory using the hardcoded GFP_KERNEL flag. This makes
them inconsistent with vmalloc(), which was recently extended to support
GFP_NOFS and GFP_NOIO allocations.
Page table allocations performed during shadow population also ignore the
external gfp_mask. To preserve the intended semantics of GFP_NOFS and
GFP_NOIO, wrap the apply_to_page_range() calls into the appropriate
memalloc scope.
xfs calls vmalloc with GFP_NOFS, so this bug could lead to deadlock.
There was a report here
https://lkml.kernel.org/r/686ea951.050a0220.385921.0016.GAE@google.com
This patch:
- Extends kasan_populate_vmalloc() and helpers to take gfp_mask;
- Passes gfp_mask down to alloc_pages_bulk() and __get_free_page();
- Enforces GFP_NOFS/NOIO semantics with memalloc_*_save()/restore()
around apply_to_page_range();
- Updates vmalloc.c and percpu allocator call sites accordingly.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250831121058.92971-1-urezki@gmail.com
Fixes: 451769ebb7e7 ("mm/vmalloc: alloc GFP_NO{FS,IO} for vmalloc")
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Reported-by: syzbot+3470c9ffee63e4abafeb@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Reviewed-by: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Cc: Vincenzo Frascino <vincenzo.frascino@arm.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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vmap_pages_pte_range() enters the lazy MMU mode, but fails to leave it in
case an error is encountered.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250623075721.2817094-1-agordeev@linux.ibm.com
Fixes: 2ba3e6947aed ("mm/vmalloc: track which page-table levels were modified")
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@linaro.org>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/r/202506132017.T1l1l6ME-lkp@intel.com/
Reviewed-by: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@arm.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton:
- "Add folio_mk_pte()" from Matthew Wilcox simplifies the act of
creating a pte which addresses the first page in a folio and reduces
the amount of plumbing which architecture must implement to provide
this.
- "Misc folio patches for 6.16" from Matthew Wilcox is a shower of
largely unrelated folio infrastructure changes which clean things up
and better prepare us for future work.
- "memory,x86,acpi: hotplug memory alignment advisement" from Gregory
Price adds early-init code to prevent x86 from leaving physical
memory unused when physical address regions are not aligned to memory
block size.
- "mm/compaction: allow more aggressive proactive compaction" from
Michal Clapinski provides some tuning of the (sadly, hard-coded (more
sadly, not auto-tuned)) thresholds for our invokation of proactive
compaction. In a simple test case, the reduction of a guest VM's
memory consumption was dramatic.
- "Minor cleanups and improvements to swap freeing code" from Kemeng
Shi provides some code cleaups and a small efficiency improvement to
this part of our swap handling code.
- "ptrace: introduce PTRACE_SET_SYSCALL_INFO API" from Dmitry Levin
adds the ability for a ptracer to modify syscalls arguments. At this
time we can alter only "system call information that are used by
strace system call tampering, namely, syscall number, syscall
arguments, and syscall return value.
This series should have been incorporated into mm.git's "non-MM"
branch, but I goofed.
- "fs/proc: extend the PAGEMAP_SCAN ioctl to report guard regions" from
Andrei Vagin extends the info returned by the PAGEMAP_SCAN ioctl
against /proc/pid/pagemap. This permits CRIU to more efficiently get
at the info about guard regions.
- "Fix parameter passed to page_mapcount_is_type()" from Gavin Shan
implements that fix. No runtime effect is expected because
validate_page_before_insert() happens to fix up this error.
- "kernel/events/uprobes: uprobe_write_opcode() rewrite" from David
Hildenbrand basically brings uprobe text poking into the current
decade. Remove a bunch of hand-rolled implementation in favor of
using more current facilities.
- "mm/ptdump: Drop assumption that pxd_val() is u64" from Anshuman
Khandual provides enhancements and generalizations to the pte dumping
code. This might be needed when 128-bit Page Table Descriptors are
enabled for ARM.
- "Always call constructor for kernel page tables" from Kevin Brodsky
ensures that the ctor/dtor is always called for kernel pgtables, as
it already is for user pgtables.
This permits the addition of more functionality such as "insert hooks
to protect page tables". This change does result in various
architectures performing unnecesary work, but this is fixed up where
it is anticipated to occur.
- "Rust support for mm_struct, vm_area_struct, and mmap" from Alice
Ryhl adds plumbing to permit Rust access to core MM structures.
- "fix incorrectly disallowed anonymous VMA merges" from Lorenzo
Stoakes takes advantage of some VMA merging opportunities which we've
been missing for 15 years.
- "mm/madvise: batch tlb flushes for MADV_DONTNEED and MADV_FREE" from
SeongJae Park optimizes process_madvise()'s TLB flushing.
Instead of flushing each address range in the provided iovec, we
batch the flushing across all the iovec entries. The syscall's cost
was approximately halved with a microbenchmark which was designed to
load this particular operation.
- "Track node vacancy to reduce worst case allocation counts" from
Sidhartha Kumar makes the maple tree smarter about its node
preallocation.
stress-ng mmap performance increased by single-digit percentages and
the amount of unnecessarily preallocated memory was dramaticelly
reduced.
- "mm/gup: Minor fix, cleanup and improvements" from Baoquan He removes
a few unnecessary things which Baoquan noted when reading the code.
- ""Enhance sysfs handling for memory hotplug in weighted interleave"
from Rakie Kim "enhances the weighted interleave policy in the memory
management subsystem by improving sysfs handling, fixing memory
leaks, and introducing dynamic sysfs updates for memory hotplug
support". Fixes things on error paths which we are unlikely to hit.
- "mm/damon: auto-tune DAMOS for NUMA setups including tiered memory"
from SeongJae Park introduces new DAMOS quota goal metrics which
eliminate the manual tuning which is required when utilizing DAMON
for memory tiering.
- "mm/vmalloc.c: code cleanup and improvements" from Baoquan He
provides cleanups and small efficiency improvements which Baoquan
found via code inspection.
- "vmscan: enforce mems_effective during demotion" from Gregory Price
changes reclaim to respect cpuset.mems_effective during demotion when
possible. because presently, reclaim explicitly ignores
cpuset.mems_effective when demoting, which may cause the cpuset
settings to violated.
This is useful for isolating workloads on a multi-tenant system from
certain classes of memory more consistently.
- "Clean up split_huge_pmd_locked() and remove unnecessary folio
pointers" from Gavin Guo provides minor cleanups and efficiency gains
in in the huge page splitting and migrating code.
- "Use kmem_cache for memcg alloc" from Huan Yang creates a slab cache
for `struct mem_cgroup', yielding improved memory utilization.
- "add max arg to swappiness in memory.reclaim and lru_gen" from
Zhongkun He adds a new "max" argument to the "swappiness=" argument
for memory.reclaim MGLRU's lru_gen.
This directs proactive reclaim to reclaim from only anon folios
rather than file-backed folios.
- "kexec: introduce Kexec HandOver (KHO)" from Mike Rapoport is the
first step on the path to permitting the kernel to maintain existing
VMs while replacing the host kernel via file-based kexec. At this
time only memblock's reserve_mem is preserved.
- "mm: Introduce for_each_valid_pfn()" from David Woodhouse provides
and uses a smarter way of looping over a pfn range. By skipping
ranges of invalid pfns.
- "sched/numa: Skip VMA scanning on memory pinned to one NUMA node via
cpuset.mems" from Libo Chen removes a lot of pointless VMA scanning
when a task is pinned a single NUMA mode.
Dramatic performance benefits were seen in some real world cases.
- "JFS: Implement migrate_folio for jfs_metapage_aops" from Shivank
Garg addresses a warning which occurs during memory compaction when
using JFS.
- "move all VMA allocation, freeing and duplication logic to mm" from
Lorenzo Stoakes moves some VMA code from kernel/fork.c into the more
appropriate mm/vma.c.
- "mm, swap: clean up swap cache mapping helper" from Kairui Song
provides code consolidation and cleanups related to the folio_index()
function.
- "mm/gup: Cleanup memfd_pin_folios()" from Vishal Moola does that.
- "memcg: Fix test_memcg_min/low test failures" from Waiman Long
addresses some bogus failures which are being reported by the
test_memcontrol selftest.
- "eliminate mmap() retry merge, add .mmap_prepare hook" from Lorenzo
Stoakes commences the deprecation of file_operations.mmap() in favor
of the new file_operations.mmap_prepare().
The latter is more restrictive and prevents drivers from messing with
things in ways which, amongst other problems, may defeat VMA merging.
- "memcg: decouple memcg and objcg stocks"" from Shakeel Butt decouples
the per-cpu memcg charge cache from the objcg's one.
This is a step along the way to making memcg and objcg charging
NMI-safe, which is a BPF requirement.
- "mm/damon: minor fixups and improvements for code, tests, and
documents" from SeongJae Park is yet another batch of miscellaneous
DAMON changes. Fix and improve minor problems in code, tests and
documents.
- "memcg: make memcg stats irq safe" from Shakeel Butt converts memcg
stats to be irq safe. Another step along the way to making memcg
charging and stats updates NMI-safe, a BPF requirement.
- "Let unmap_hugepage_range() and several related functions take folio
instead of page" from Fan Ni provides folio conversions in the
hugetlb code.
* tag 'mm-stable-2025-05-31-14-50' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (285 commits)
mm: pcp: increase pcp->free_count threshold to trigger free_high
mm/hugetlb: convert use of struct page to folio in __unmap_hugepage_range()
mm/hugetlb: refactor __unmap_hugepage_range() to take folio instead of page
mm/hugetlb: refactor unmap_hugepage_range() to take folio instead of page
mm/hugetlb: pass folio instead of page to unmap_ref_private()
memcg: objcg stock trylock without irq disabling
memcg: no stock lock for cpu hot-unplug
memcg: make __mod_memcg_lruvec_state re-entrant safe against irqs
memcg: make count_memcg_events re-entrant safe against irqs
memcg: make mod_memcg_state re-entrant safe against irqs
memcg: move preempt disable to callers of memcg_rstat_updated
memcg: memcg_rstat_updated re-entrant safe against irqs
mm: khugepaged: decouple SHMEM and file folios' collapse
selftests/eventfd: correct test name and improve messages
alloc_tag: check mem_profiling_support in alloc_tag_init
Docs/damon: update titles and brief introductions to explain DAMOS
selftests/damon/_damon_sysfs: read tried regions directories in order
mm/damon/tests/core-kunit: add a test for damos_set_filters_default_reject()
mm/damon/paddr: remove unused variable, folio_list, in damon_pa_stat()
mm/damon/sysfs-schemes: fix wrong comment on damons_sysfs_quota_goal_metric_strs
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux
Pull arm64 updates from Will Deacon:
"The headline feature is the re-enablement of support for Arm's
Scalable Matrix Extension (SME) thanks to a bumper crop of fixes
from Mark Rutland.
If matrices aren't your thing, then Ryan's page-table optimisation
work is much more interesting.
Summary:
ACPI, EFI and PSCI:
- Decouple Arm's "Software Delegated Exception Interface" (SDEI)
support from the ACPI GHES code so that it can be used by platforms
booted with device-tree
- Remove unnecessary per-CPU tracking of the FPSIMD state across EFI
runtime calls
- Fix a node refcount imbalance in the PSCI device-tree code
CPU Features:
- Ensure register sanitisation is applied to fields in ID_AA64MMFR4
- Expose AIDR_EL1 to userspace via sysfs, primarily so that KVM
guests can reliably query the underlying CPU types from the VMM
- Re-enabling of SME support (CONFIG_ARM64_SME) as a result of fixes
to our context-switching, signal handling and ptrace code
Entry code:
- Hook up TIF_NEED_RESCHED_LAZY so that CONFIG_PREEMPT_LAZY can be
selected
Memory management:
- Prevent BSS exports from being used by the early PI code
- Propagate level and stride information to the low-level TLB
invalidation routines when operating on hugetlb entries
- Use the page-table contiguous hint for vmap() mappings with
VM_ALLOW_HUGE_VMAP where possible
- Optimise vmalloc()/vmap() page-table updates to use "lazy MMU mode"
and hook this up on arm64 so that the trailing DSB (used to publish
the updates to the hardware walker) can be deferred until the end
of the mapping operation
- Extend mmap() randomisation for 52-bit virtual addresses (on par
with 48-bit addressing) and remove limited support for
randomisation of the linear map
Perf and PMUs:
- Add support for probing the CMN-S3 driver using ACPI
- Minor driver fixes to the CMN, Arm-NI and amlogic PMU drivers
Selftests:
- Fix FPSIMD and SME tests to align with the freshly re-enabled SME
support
- Fix default setting of the OUTPUT variable so that tests are
installed in the right location
vDSO:
- Replace raw counter access from inline assembly code with a call to
the the __arch_counter_get_cntvct() helper function
Miscellaneous:
- Add some missing header inclusions to the CCA headers
- Rework rendering of /proc/cpuinfo to follow the x86-approach and
avoid repeated buffer expansion (the user-visible format remains
identical)
- Remove redundant selection of CONFIG_CRC32
- Extend early error message when failing to map the device-tree
blob"
* tag 'arm64-upstream' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arm64/linux: (83 commits)
arm64: cputype: Add cputype definition for HIP12
arm64: el2_setup.h: Make __init_el2_fgt labels consistent, again
perf/arm-cmn: Add CMN S3 ACPI binding
arm64/boot: Disallow BSS exports to startup code
arm64/boot: Move global CPU override variables out of BSS
arm64/boot: Move init_pgdir[] and init_idmap_pgdir[] into __pi_ namespace
perf/arm-cmn: Initialise cmn->cpu earlier
kselftest/arm64: Set default OUTPUT path when undefined
arm64: Update comment regarding values in __boot_cpu_mode
arm64: mm: Drop redundant check in pmd_trans_huge()
arm64/mm: Re-organise setting up FEAT_S1PIE registers PIRE0_EL1 and PIR_EL1
arm64/mm: Permit lazy_mmu_mode to be nested
arm64/mm: Disable barrier batching in interrupt contexts
arm64/cpuinfo: only show one cpu's info in c_show()
arm64/mm: Batch barriers when updating kernel mappings
mm/vmalloc: Enter lazy mmu mode while manipulating vmalloc ptes
arm64/mm: Support huge pte-mapped pages in vmap
mm/vmalloc: Gracefully unmap huge ptes
mm/vmalloc: Warn on improper use of vunmap_range()
arm64/mm: Hoist barriers out of set_ptes_anysz() loop
...
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip
Pull locking updates from Ingo Molnar:
"Futexes:
- Add support for task local hash maps (Sebastian Andrzej Siewior,
Peter Zijlstra)
- Implement the FUTEX2_NUMA ABI, which feature extends the futex
interface to be NUMA-aware. On NUMA-aware futexes a second u32 word
containing the NUMA node is added to after the u32 futex value word
(Peter Zijlstra)
- Implement the FUTEX2_MPOL ABI, which feature extends the futex
interface to be mempolicy-aware as well, to further refine futex
node mappings and lookups (Peter Zijlstra)
Locking primitives:
- Misc cleanups (Andy Shevchenko, Borislav Petkov, Colin Ian King,
Ingo Molnar, Nam Cao, Peter Zijlstra)
Lockdep:
- Prevent abuse of lockdep subclasses (Waiman Long)
- Add number of dynamic keys to /proc/lockdep_stats (Waiman Long)
Plus misc cleanups and fixes"
* tag 'locking-core-2025-05-25' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (35 commits)
selftests/futex: Fix spelling mistake "unitiliazed" -> "uninitialized"
futex: Correct the kernedoc return value for futex_wait_setup().
tools headers: Synchronize prctl.h ABI header
futex: Use RCU_INIT_POINTER() in futex_mm_init().
selftests/futex: Use TAP output in futex_numa_mpol
selftests/futex: Use TAP output in futex_priv_hash
futex: Fix kernel-doc comments
futex: Relax the rcu_assign_pointer() assignment of mm->futex_phash in futex_mm_init()
futex: Fix outdated comment in struct restart_block
locking/lockdep: Add number of dynamic keys to /proc/lockdep_stats
locking/lockdep: Prevent abuse of lockdep subclass
locking/lockdep: Move hlock_equal() to the respective #ifdeffery
futex,selftests: Add another FUTEX2_NUMA selftest
selftests/futex: Add futex_numa_mpol
selftests/futex: Add futex_priv_hash
selftests/futex: Build without headers nonsense
tools/perf: Allow to select the number of hash buckets
tools headers: Synchronize prctl.h ABI header
futex: Implement FUTEX2_MPOL
futex: Implement FUTEX2_NUMA
...
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The common case is to grow reallocations, and since init_on_alloc will
have already zeroed the whole allocation, we only need to zero when
shrinking the allocation.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250515214217.619685-2-kees@kernel.org
Fixes: a0309faf1cb0 ("mm: vmalloc: support more granular vrealloc() sizing")
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Cc: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Cc: "Erhard F." <erhard_f@mailbox.org>
Cc: Shung-Hsi Yu <shung-hsi.yu@suse.com>
Cc: "Uladzislau Rezki (Sony)" <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Patch series "mm: vmalloc: Actually use the in-place vrealloc region".
This fixes a performance regression[1] with vrealloc()[1].
The refactoring to not build a new vmalloc region only actually worked
when shrinking. Actually return the resized area when it grows. Ugh.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250515214217.619685-1-kees@kernel.org
Fixes: a0309faf1cb0 ("mm: vmalloc: support more granular vrealloc() sizing")
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Shung-Hsi Yu <shung-hsi.yu@suse.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250515-bpf-verifier-slowdown-vwo2meju4cgp2su5ckj@6gi6ssxbnfqg [1]
Tested-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Pawan Gupta <pawan.kumar.gupta@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: Shung-Hsi Yu <shung-hsi.yu@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: "Uladzislau Rezki (Sony)" <urezki@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Cc: "Erhard F." <erhard_f@mailbox.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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The following data-race was found in show_numa_info():
==================================================================
BUG: KCSAN: data-race in vmalloc_info_show / vmalloc_info_show
read to 0xffff88800971fe30 of 4 bytes by task 8289 on cpu 0:
show_numa_info mm/vmalloc.c:4936 [inline]
vmalloc_info_show+0x5a8/0x7e0 mm/vmalloc.c:5016
seq_read_iter+0x373/0xb40 fs/seq_file.c:230
proc_reg_read_iter+0x11e/0x170 fs/proc/inode.c:299
....
write to 0xffff88800971fe30 of 4 bytes by task 8287 on cpu 1:
show_numa_info mm/vmalloc.c:4934 [inline]
vmalloc_info_show+0x38f/0x7e0 mm/vmalloc.c:5016
seq_read_iter+0x373/0xb40 fs/seq_file.c:230
proc_reg_read_iter+0x11e/0x170 fs/proc/inode.c:299
....
value changed: 0x0000008f -> 0x00000000
==================================================================
According to this report,there is a read/write data-race because
m->private is accessible to multiple CPUs. To fix this, instead of
allocating the heap in proc_vmalloc_init() and passing the heap address to
m->private, vmalloc_info_show() should allocate the heap.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250508165620.15321-1-aha310510@gmail.com
Fixes: 8e1d743f2c26 ("mm: vmalloc: support multiple nodes in vmallocinfo")
Signed-off-by: Jeongjun Park <aha310510@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: "Uladzislau Rezki (Sony)" <urezki@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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In codes of alloc_vmap_area(), it returns the upper bound 'vend' to
indicate if the allocation is successful or failed. That is not very
clear.
Here change to return explicit error values and check them to judge if
allocation is successful.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250418223653.243436-6-bhe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Shivank Garg <shivankg@amd.com>
Reviewed-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Remove unneeded local variables and replace them with values.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250418223653.243436-5-bhe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Shivank Garg <shivankg@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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When purge lazily freed vmap areas, VA stored in vn->pool[] will also be
taken away into free vmap tree partially or completely accordingly, that
is done in decay_va_pool_node(). When doing that, for each pool of node,
the whole list is detached from the pool for handling. At this time, that
pool is empty. It's not necessary to update the pool size each time when
one VA is removed and addded into free vmap tree.
Here change code to update the pool size when attaching the pool back.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250418223653.243436-4-bhe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Shivank Garg <shivankg@amd.com>
Cc: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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When finding VA in vn->busy, if VA spans several zones and the passed addr
is not the same as va->va_start, we should scan the vn in reverse odrdr
because the starting address of VA must be smaller than the passed addr if
it really resides in the VA.
E.g on a system nr_vmap_nodes=100,
<----va---->
-|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-
... n-1 n n+1 n+2 ... 100 0 1
VA resides in node 'n' whereas it spans 'n', 'n+1' and 'n+2'. If passed
addr is within 'n+2', we should try nodes backwards on 'n+1' and 'n', then
succeed very soon.
Meanwhile we still need loop around because VA could spans node from 'n'
to node 100, node 0, node 1.
Anyway, changing to find in reverse order can improve efficiency on many
CPUs system.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20250418223653.243436-3-bhe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Shivank Garg <shivankg@amd.com>
Cc: Vishal Moola (Oracle) <vishal.moola@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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