bpf: Assign lock identity to callback map values

A nested bpf_for_each_map_elem() callback can unlock a different element
of the same map:

  static long inner(void *map, int *key, struct value *v,
                    struct value **outer_value)
  {
          bpf_spin_lock(&v->lock);
          bpf_spin_unlock(&(*outer_value)->lock);
          return 0;
  }

  static long outer(void *map, int *key, struct value *v, void *ctx)
  {
          bpf_for_each_map_elem(map, inner, &v, 0);
          return 0;
  }

Both callback values currently have ID zero and the same map_ptr.
process_spin_lock() compares those two fields, so it accepts the unlock
even though the two callbacks can receive different map elements.

Assign a fresh ID to every callback map value in the for-each,
timer/workqueue, and task-work constructors. Copies of one callback
argument retain its ID, so locking and unlocking through that argument
continues to work. Distinct callbacks also get distinct IDs for
single-element arrays, including inner arrays sharing inner_map_meta.

Preserve map_uid for every inner-map lookup and compare it through
check_ids() during state pruning. This preserves relationships between
maps, keys, and values while allowing equivalent states with different
lookup IDs to match. It avoids field-specific rules for when an inner map
needs an identity.

Move map_uid out of the metadata union and next to the other IDs, so
register comparisons can use the existing memcmp() ranges and remap the
IDs separately. Clear it when resetting a register or converting a map
lookup result to a socket pointer. Shrink frameno to u8, which is enough
for MAX_CALL_FRAMES, to make room without growing bpf_reg_state.

Fixes: d0d78c1df9b1 ("bpf: Allow locking bpf_spin_lock global variables")
Reported-by: Nicholas Carlini <npc@anthropic.com>
Suggested-by: Nicholas Carlini <npc@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260917233222.2542500-9-memxor@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>

2 files changed, 13 insertions, 6 deletions

diff --git a/kernel/bpf/states.c b/kernel/bpf/states.c
index 6c88ad95b63b..e4ec007f7fa6 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/states.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/states.c
@@ -491,7 +491,8 @@ static bool regs_exact(const struct bpf_reg_state *rold,
 {
 	return memcmp(rold, rcur, offsetof(struct bpf_reg_state, id)) == 0 &&
 	       check_ids(rold->id, rcur->id, idmap) &&
-	       check_ids(rold->parent_id, rcur->parent_id, idmap);
+	       check_ids(rold->parent_id, rcur->parent_id, idmap) &&
+	       check_ids(rold->map_uid, rcur->map_uid, idmap);
 }
 
 enum exact_level {
@@ -616,7 +617,8 @@ static bool regsafe(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, struct bpf_reg_state *rold,
 		       range_within(rold, rcur) &&
 		       tnum_in(rold->var_off, rcur->var_off) &&
 		       check_ids(rold->id, rcur->id, idmap) &&
-		       check_ids(rold->parent_id, rcur->parent_id, idmap);
+		       check_ids(rold->parent_id, rcur->parent_id, idmap) &&
+		       check_ids(rold->map_uid, rcur->map_uid, idmap);
 	case PTR_TO_PACKET_META:
 	case PTR_TO_PACKET:
 		/* We must have at least as much range as the old ptr
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
index 33161dc64568..02be326f235c 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
@@ -1864,6 +1864,7 @@ static void __mark_reg_known(struct bpf_reg_state *reg, u64 imm)
 	       offsetof(struct bpf_reg_state, var_off) - sizeof(reg->type));
 	reg->id = 0;
 	reg->parent_id = 0;
+	reg->map_uid = 0;
 	___mark_reg_known(reg, imm);
 }
 
@@ -1925,17 +1926,18 @@ static void refine_map_lookup_value(struct bpf_reg_state *reg)
 	if (map->inner_map_meta) {
 		reg->type = CONST_PTR_TO_MAP | maybe_null;
 		reg->map_ptr = map->inner_map_meta;
-		/* transfer reg's id which is unique for every map_lookup_elem
+		/*
+		 * transfer reg's id which is unique for every map_lookup_elem
 		 * as UID of the inner map.
 		 */
-		if (btf_record_has_field(map->inner_map_meta->record,
-					 BPF_TIMER | BPF_WORKQUEUE | BPF_TASK_WORK))
-			reg->map_uid = reg->id;
+		reg->map_uid = reg->id;
 	} else if (map->map_type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_XSKMAP) {
 		reg->type = PTR_TO_XDP_SOCK | maybe_null;
+		reg->map_uid = 0;
 	} else if (map->map_type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKMAP ||
 		   map->map_type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKHASH) {
 		reg->type = PTR_TO_SOCKET | maybe_null;
+		reg->map_uid = 0;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -10048,6 +10050,7 @@ int map_set_for_each_callback_args(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 	__mark_reg_known_zero(&callee->regs[BPF_REG_3]);
 	callee->regs[BPF_REG_3].map_ptr = caller->regs[BPF_REG_1].map_ptr;
 	callee->regs[BPF_REG_3].map_uid = caller->regs[BPF_REG_1].map_uid;
+	callee->regs[BPF_REG_3].id = ++env->id_gen;
 
 	/* pointer to stack or null */
 	callee->regs[BPF_REG_4] = caller->regs[BPF_REG_3];
@@ -10144,6 +10147,7 @@ static int set_timer_callback_state(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 	__mark_reg_known_zero(&callee->regs[BPF_REG_3]);
 	callee->regs[BPF_REG_3].map_ptr = map_ptr;
 	callee->regs[BPF_REG_3].map_uid = map_uid;
+	callee->regs[BPF_REG_3].id = ++env->id_gen;
 
 	/* unused */
 	bpf_mark_reg_not_init(env, &callee->regs[BPF_REG_4]);
@@ -10262,6 +10266,7 @@ static int set_task_work_schedule_callback_state(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 	__mark_reg_known_zero(&callee->regs[BPF_REG_3]);
 	callee->regs[BPF_REG_3].map_ptr = map_ptr;
 	callee->regs[BPF_REG_3].map_uid = map_uid;
+	callee->regs[BPF_REG_3].id = ++env->id_gen;
 
 	/* unused */
 	bpf_mark_reg_not_init(env, &callee->regs[BPF_REG_4]);